Still, a rainbow shows that there remains a significant amount of visible light colored indigo and violet beyond the blue.

response curves for the three types of cones in the human eye
  • When we look up at the sky, the red cones respond to the small amount of scattered red light and also less strongly to orange and yellow wavelengths.

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  • The green cones respond to yellow and the more strongly scattered green and green-blue wavelengths.

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  • The blue cones are stimulated by colors near blue wavelengths which are very strongly scattered. [If there were no indigo and violet in the spectrum the sky would appear blue with a slight green tinge]. However, the most strongly scattered indigo and violet wavelengths stimulate the red cones slightly as well as the blue, which is why these colors appear blue with an added red tinge.

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  • The net effect is that the red and green cones are stimulated about equally by the light from the sky while the blue is stimulated more strongly. This combination accounts for the pale sky blue color.

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    continued